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4.37. ÆÅËÒÎ-ÇÅËÅÍÛÉ ÃÀÇ

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4.37. ÆÅËÒÎ-ÇÅËÅÍÛÉ ÃÀÇ

Øâåäñêèé õèìèê Øååëå òàê îïèñàë îäèí ñâîé îïûò, âûïîëíåííûé â 1774 ã.: «ß ïîìåñòèë ñìåñü ÷åðíîé ìàãíåçèè ñ ìóðèåâîé êèñëîòîé â ðåòîðòó, ê ãîðëûøêó êîòîðîé ïðèñîåäèíèë ïóçûðü, ëèøåííûé âîçäóõà, è ïîñòàâèë åå íà ïåñ÷àíóþ áàíþ. Ïóçûðü íàïîëíèëñÿ ãàçîì, îêðàñèâøèì åãî â æåëòûé öâåò… Ãàç èìåë æåëòî-çåëåíûé öâåò, ïðîíçèòåëüíûé çàïàõ».

Ãàç, ïîëó÷åííûé Øååëå (ñì. 2.7) — õëîð Cl2. Øååëå îêàçàëñÿ ïåðâîîòêðûâàòåëåì õèìè÷åñêîãî ýëåìåíòà õëîðà.

×åðíàÿ ìàãíåçèÿ — ìèíåðàë ïèðîëþçèò MnO2 (ñì. 3.44), õèìè÷åñêîå íàçâàíèå êîòîðîãî — äèîêñèä ìàðãàíöà. «Ìóðèåâîé êèñëîòîé» â òî âðåìÿ íàçûâàëè õëîðîâîäîðîäíóþ êèñëîòó HCl (ñì. 1.52; 3.12). Ðåàêöèþ, î êîòîðîé ñîîáùèë Øååëå, çàïèñûâàþò ñåé÷àñ òàê:

MnO2 + MHCl = Cl2? + MnCl2 + 2Í2O.

Ïîëó÷åííûé ãàç Øååëå íàçâàë «äåôëîãèñòèðîâàííîé ìóðèåâîé êèñëîòîé». Òîëüêî â 1812 ã. ôðàíöóçñêèé õèìèê Ãåé-Ëþññàê (ñì. 1.45) äàë ýòîìó ãàçó ñîâðåìåííîå íàçâàíèå — õëîð, ÷òî â ïåðåâîäå ñ ãðå÷åñêîãî îçíà÷àåò æåëòî-çåëåíûé.

 Ðîññèè â XIX â. õëîð íàçûâàëè ïî-âñÿêîìó: ñîëåòâîð, ñîëåðîä, õëîðèí, ñîëåïåðåêèñëûé ãàñ, îáåçãîðþ÷åííàÿ ñîëÿíàÿ êèñëîòà è ò. ï.

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